Table 3 Final multivariable logistic regression results

Common breeds

Crossbreed

Base

Pug

19.05

13.45–26.97

< 0.001

Boxer

12.12

8.77–16.76

< 0.001

Shih Tzu

10.04

7.30–13.80

< 0.001

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

6.10

4.36–8.54

< 0.001

Bulldog

7.76

4.69–12.84

< 0.001

King Charles Spaniel

5.62

2.98–10.62

< 0.001

Lhasa Apso

4.97

3.01–8.22

< 0.001

French Bulldog

7.25

3.92–13.42

< 0.001

West Highland White Terrier

2.05

1.34–3.15

0.001

Staffordshire Bull Terrier

2.50

1.81–3.45

< 0.001

Cocker Spaniel

2.14

1.45–3.15

< 0.001

English Springer Spaniel

1.93

1.17–3.19

0.010

Border Terrier

2.00

1.06–3.75

0.032

Chihuahua

2.54

1.50–4.28

< 0.001

Yorkshire Terrier

1.78

1.13–2.80

0.013

Jack Russell Terrier

1.45

1.00–2.11

0.050

Border Collie

0.96

0.53–1.77

0.907

Labrador Retriever

0.57

0.36–0.90

0.016

Other purebreds

1.30

1.00–1.69

0.052

Age category (years) (pre-existing cases included as non-recorded)

< 3.0

Base

3.0–5.9

0.96

0.76–1.21

0.724

6.0–8.9

2.24

1.82–2.75

< 0.001

9.0–11.9

2.78

2.23–3.47

< 0.001

≥ 12.0

2.74

2.13–3.53

< 0.001

Not recorded

~

Insurance

Non-insured

Base

Insured

1.6

1.33–1.92

< 0.001

Not recorded

1.27

1.06–1.54

0.012