Variable | Category | Case No. (%) | Non-case No. (%) | Odds ratio | 95% CIa | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Purebred status | Crossbred | 88 (10.55) | 23243 (22.49) | Base | ||
Purebred | 746 (89.45) | 80109 (77.51) | 2.46 | 1.97–3.07 | < 0.001 | |
Common breeds | Crossbreed | 88 (10.55) | 23241 (22.48) | Base | ||
Pug | 55 (6.59) | 960 (0.93) | 15.13 | 10.74–21.32 | < 0.001 | |
Boxer | 69 (8.27) | 1317 (1.27) | 13.84 | 10.05–19.06 | < 0.001 | |
Shih Tzu | 70 (8.39) | 1961 (1.90) | 9.43 | 6.86–12.95 | < 0.001 | |
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel | 58 (6.95) | 2274 (2.20) | 6.74 | 4.82–9.41 | < 0.001 | |
Bulldog | 19 (2.28) | 768 (0.74) | 6.53 | 3.96–10.78 | < 0.001 | |
King Charles Spaniel | 11 (1.32) | 485 (0.47) | 5.99 | 3.18–11.28 | < 0.001 | |
Lhasa Apso | 19 (2.28) | 873 (0.84) | 5.75 | 3.48–9.48 | < 0.001 | |
French Bulldog | 12 (1.44) | 630 (0.61) | 5.03 | 2.74–9.24 | < 0.001 | |
West Highland White Terrier | 28 (3.36) | 2831 (2.74) | 2.61 | 1.70–4.00 | < 0.001 | |
Staffordshire Bull Terrier | 66 (7.91) | 6797 (6.57) | 2.56 | 1.86–3.53 | < 0.001 | |
Cocker Spaniel | 37 (4.44) | 4197 (4.06) | 2.33 | 1.58–3.42 | < 0.001 | |
English Springer Spaniel | 19 (2.28) | 2191 (2.12) | 2.29 | 1.39–3.77 | 0.001 | |
Border Terrier | 11 (1.32) | 1316 (1.27) | 2.21 | 1.18–4.14 | 0.014 | |
Chihuahua | 17 (2.04) | 2206 (2.13) | 2.04 | 1.21–3.43 | 0.008 | |
Yorkshire Terrier | 24 (2.88) | 3330 (3.22) | 1.90 | 1.21–2.99 | 0.005 | |
Jack Russell Terrier | 41 (4.92) | 6658 (6.44) | 1.63 | 1.12–2.36 | 0.010 | |
Border Collie | 12 (1.44) | 2795 (2.70) | 1.13 | 0.62–2.08 | 0.684 | |
Labrador Retriever | 24 (2.88) | 9517 (9.20) | 0.67 | 0.42–1.05 | 0.078 | |
Other purebreds | 154 (18.47) | 29052 (28.10) | 1.40 | 1.08–1.82 | 0.012 | |
Kennel Club Breed Groups | Breed not Kennel Club recognised | 139 (16.67) | 31185 (30.16) | Base | ||
Toy | 188 (22.54) | 12413 (12.00) | 3.40 | 2.73–4.24 | < 0.001 | |
Utility | 151 (18.11) | 8681 (8.40) | 3.90 | 3.10–4.92 | < 0.001 | |
Terrier | 120 (14.39) | 13537 (13.09) | 1.99 | 1.56–2.54 | < 0.001 | |
Gundog | 101 (12.11) | 20551 (19.88) | 1.10 | 0.85–1.43 | 0.456 | |
Hound | 22 (2.64) | 4525 (4.38) | 1.09 | 0.69–1.71 | 0.706 | |
Pastoral | 31 (3.72) | 7467 (7.22) | 0.93 | 0.63–1.38 | 0.721 | |
Working | 82 (9.83) | 5040 (4.87) | 3.65 | 2.77–4.80 | < 0.001 | |
Spaniel-brachycephalic | Crossbred | 88 (10.6) | 23243 (22.5) | Base | ||
Spaniel | 130 (15.6) | 9887 (9.6) | 3.47 | 2.65–4.56 | < 0.001 | |
Brachycephalic | 239 (28.7) | 6124 (5.9) | 10.31 | 8.06–13.18 | < 0.001 | |
Purebred other | 377 (45.2) | 64098 (62.0) | 1.55 | 1.23–1.96 | < 0.001 | |
Adult (> 9 months) bodyweight (kg) | < 10.0 | 264 (31.65) | 24731 (23.92) | 1.63 | 1.28–2.08 | < 0.001 |
10.0–19.9 | 245 (29.38) | 23047 (22.29) | 1.59 | 1.25–2.03 | < 0.001 | |
20.0–29.9 | 145 (17.39) | 18302 (17.70) | 1.20 | 0.92–1.56 | 0.186 | |
30.0–39.9 | 88 (10.55) | 13301 (12.86) | Base | |||
≥ 40.0 | 32 (3.84) | 6564 (6.35) | 0.70 | 0.46–1.07 | 0.097 | |
Not available | 60 (7.19) | 17454 (16.88) | 0.58 | 0.43–0.79 | 0.001 | |
Bodyweight relative to breed mean | Equal/Higher | 389 (46.64) | 40713 (39.37) | 1.12 | 0.97–1.29 | 0.114 |
Lower | 372 (44.60) | 43689 (42.25) | Base | |||
Not recorded | 73 (8.75) | 18997 (18.37) | 0.45 | 0.35–0.58 | < 0.001 | |
Age category (years) (pre-existing cases included as not-recorded) | < 3.0 | 188 (22.54) | 33817 (32.71) | Base | ||
3.0–5.9 | 136 (16.31) | 26381 (25.51) | 0.93 | 0.74–1.16 | 0.504 | |
6.0–8.9 | 232 (27.82) | 20062 (19.40) | 2.08 | 1.71–2.52 | < 0.001 | |
9.0–11.9 | 172 (20.62) | 13307 (12.87) | 2.33 | 1.89–2.86 | < 0.001 | |
≥ 12.0 | 106 (12.71) | 9633 (9.32) | 1.98 | 1.56–2.51 | < 0.001 | |
Not recorded | 0 (0.00) | 199 (0.19) | ~ | ~ | ~ | |
Sex | Female | 382 (45.80) | 49180 (47.68) | Base | ||
Male | 452 (54.20) | 53933 (52.29) | 1.08 | 0.94–1.24 | 0.276 | |
Not recorded | 0 (0.00) | 26 (0.03) | ~ | ~ | ~ | |
Neuter status | Entire | 123 (14.75) | 13875 (13.42) | Base | ||
Neutered | 436 (52.28) | 46050 (44.54) | 1.07 | 0.87–1.31 | 0.521 | |
Not recorded | 275 (32.97) | 43474 (42.04) | 0.71 | 0.58–0.88 | 0.002 | |
Insurance | Non-insured | 190 (22.78) | 29062 (28.11) | Base | ||
Insured | 331 (39.69) | 31840 (30.79) | 1.59 | 1.33–1.90 | < 0.001 | |
Not recorded | 313 (37.53) | 42497 (41.10) | 1.13 | 0.94–1.35 | 0.197 |